PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan						150
					Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian			Warepan						208.5
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
		Carnian			Oretian						227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian			Etalian						238
		Anisian			Etalian						242
		Anisian			Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian					Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian						249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian		251.902
									252.4 *
					Chhidru				252.9 *
				Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Puruhauan					254.2
					Kalabagh				255 *
					Wargal				256 *
									Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian	Severodvinian	Midian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine				Urzhumian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
											265.3 *
						Barettian					266
					Amb						266.1 *
								Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian		Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian		Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian			276
								Filipovian			276.5 *
								Filipovian	Bolorian		279.8
								Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
						Telfordian		Sarginian			285
								Irginian			285.9 *
								Irginian	Yakhtashian		286
								Burtsevian			287.8 *
								Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian		291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian		293.52
								Uskalykian			294.8
								Surenian			297.5
											298.9