PBDB Timescale

Permian Subages of Germany

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 11 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 68 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan						150
					Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian			Warepan						208.5
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
		Carnian			Oretian						227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian			Etalian						238
		Anisian			Etalian						242
		Anisian			Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian					Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian						249
		Induan			Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein			Kathwai			Dorashamian		251.902
											252.4 *
						Chhidru					252.9 *
					Waiitian						253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian				Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
					Puruhauan						254.2
						Kalabagh					255 *
						Wargal					256 *
							Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian	Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine					Urzhumian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
											265.3 *
					Barettian						266
						Amb					266.1 *
									Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian			276
								Filipovian			276.5 *
								Filipovian	Bolorian		279.8
								Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Telfordian			Sarginian			285
								Irginian			285.9 *
								Irginian	Yakhtashian		286
								Burtsevian			287.8 *
								Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian		291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian		293.52
								Uskalykian			294.8
								Surenian			297.5
											298.9