Angiospermae - Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Parent taxon: Aquifoliales according to The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
See also Mabberley 2000 and Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Cardiopteridaceae, Helwingiaceae, Irvingbaileya, Phyllonomaceae, Stemonuraceae
Subtaxa: Ilex Ilexpollenites
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (20 collections), the Bahamas (1), India (10), Japan (1), Panama (1), United States (2: Florida, Virginia)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Italy (3)
• Pliocene of China (1), Germany (8), Japan (2), Panama (6), Portugal (9), United States (1: Florida)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Bolivia (1), France (1), Germany (1), Japan (1)
• Miocene of Australia (7), Azerbaijan (1), Brazil (2), Canada (1: Northwest Territories), China (2), Costa Rica (1), Germany (30), India (1), Japan (5), New Zealand (1), Panama (6), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (1), Switzerland (1), United States (14: Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Vermont, Virginia)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Australia (6), United States (1: Maryland)
• Oligocene of Azerbaijan (1), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (2), United States (1: Virginia)
• Eocene of Antarctica (2), Argentina (12), Australia (4), Germany (19), India (2), Japan (3), Myanmar (8), United States (20: Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Texas, Virginia, Washington)
• Tertiary of Japan (2)
• Paleocene of Antarctica (1), Argentina (7), Australia (12), United States (2: Colorado)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of Antarctica (1)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (1), Argentina (2), Australia (1), Canada (2: Alberta), United States (2: Utah)
Total: 259 collections including 295 occurrences