PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian				Sheridanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
										Cudahyan/Sappan				Irvingtonian	0.21
						Ensenadan									0.3 *
		Calabrian													0.774
										Senecan/Rexroadian				Blancan	1.4
						Sanandresian	Uquian †								1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean									2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan									2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan									3.6
						Montehermosan									3.7 *
						Montehermosan				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Hemphillian	4.7
						Huayquerian									4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
						Chasicoan									7.9 *
						Chasicoan				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Clarendonian	9.4
						Mayoan									9.9 *
						Laventan									10.9 *
		Serravallian													11.63
										late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				Barstovian	12.5
						Colloncuran									13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran									13.82
		Langhian				Friasian									15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian									15.98
						Santacrucian									16.2 *
						Santacrucian				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Hemingfordian	16.3
						Colhuehuapian				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Hemingfordian	17.4 *
										late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan									20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
											Monroecreekian				23.1 *
											Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan							27.82
						Tinguirirican									28.9 *
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Chadronian	33.9
						Divisaderan				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Chadronian	35.9 *
														Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian								Late Uintan/Early Uintan				Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian													41.2
						Mustersan									41.9 *
										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian						47.8
						Casamayoran									47.9 *
										Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Wasatchian	50.5
												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican		Gashatan				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Clarkforkian	56
						Riochican						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Tiffanian	56.2
						Itaboraian									56.9 *
						Peligran									58.9 *
		Selandian													59.2
		Selandian										To3/To2/To1		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian													61.6
						Tiupampan									62.4 *
				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Puercan	Tiupampan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian										Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
															538.8