PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian of North America			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian		Nihewanian					Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan							Middle Pleistocene				0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan							Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †										1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean		Yushean					Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan							Late Pliocene				2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan							Early Pliocene				3.6
						Montehermosan											3.7 *
						Huayquerian		Baodean									4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
						Chasicoan											7.9 *
						Mayoan											9.9 *
						Laventan											10.9 *
								Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran											13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran		Shanwangian									13.82
		Langhian				Friasian											15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian							Early Miocene				15.98
						Santacrucian											16.2 *
						Santacrucian		Xiejiaan									16.9
						Colhuehuapian											17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian											20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan											20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan			27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican							Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			35.9 *
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan											41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan							Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran							Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican							Late Paleocene	Gashatan			56
						Itaboraian											56.9 *
						Peligran											58.9 *
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene				61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan							Early Paleocene				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian														Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
			Alexandrian			438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort			485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †									497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509