PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian Subages	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian						Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian						Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan						Middle Pleistocene						0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan						Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †											1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean						Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan						Late Pliocene						2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan						Early Pliocene						3.6
						Montehermosan												3.7 *
						Huayquerian												4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
						Chasicoan												7.9 *
						Mayoan												9.9 *
						Laventan												10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan						Middle Miocene						11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran												13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran												13.82
		Langhian				Friasian												15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian						Early Miocene						15.98
						Santacrucian												16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian												17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian												20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan												20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene						23.03
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene						27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican						Early Oligocene						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican						Late Eocene						33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan						Late Eocene						35.9 *
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan												41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan						Early Eocene						47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran						Early Eocene						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican						Late Paleocene						56
						Itaboraian												56.9 *
						Peligran												58.9 *
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene						61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan						Early Paleocene						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Senonian	66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															Gallic	100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian															Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan							150
											Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian			Warepan			208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian			249
		Induan			Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		Buntsandstein		251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller		Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Leine			Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Leine			Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian		283.5
								Telfordian		285
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig				Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
				Cressagian						480.8 *
				Cressagian						Mansian †			483.55 *
										Mansian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian				489.5				Batyrbaian
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian			Paibian								494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian					Drumian		Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian						Amgan/Solvan	509
										Toyonian				Lenian †	510 *
										Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian		Botomian					514
		Stage 3						Nangaoian		Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian												Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian						Manykaian †	530.7
																		538.8