PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran						Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian								Nihewanian		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean	0.129
															Irvingtonian	0.21
						Ensenadan										0.3 *
									Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
															Blancan	1.4
									Nukumaruan							1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian														1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean								Yushean		2.58
						Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
									Waipipian							3
		Zanclean							Waipipian							3.6
						Montehermosan			Opoitian							3.7 *
						Montehermosan									Hemphillian	4.7
						Huayquerian								Baodean		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
						Chasicoan										7.9 *
						Chasicoan									Clarendonian	9.4
						Mayoan										9.9 *
						Laventan										10.9 *
								Southland	Waiauan							11.04
														Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
															Barstovian	12.5
									Lillburnian							13.05
						Colloncuran										13.7 *
		Langhian												Shanwangian		13.82
									Clifdenian							15.1
						Friasian			Clifdenian							15.4 *
								Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian														15.98
						Santacrucian										16.2 *
															Hemingfordian	16.3
														Xiejiaan		16.9
						Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
															Arikareean	18.5
									Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian														20.44
						Deseadan										20.9 *
								Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian							23.03
									Duntroonian							25.2
									Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
						Tinguirirican										28.9 *
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian													Chadronian	33.9
								Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Divisaderan			Runangan							35.9 *
									Kaiatan							36.7
															Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian														37.71
									Bortonian							39.1
				Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian			41.2
					Mustersan	41.9 *
						Dannevirke		Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
					Casamayoran				47.9 *
								Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian				Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian				Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian				Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian	Riochican			Teurian	56
				Tiffanian	Riochican				56.2
					Itaboraian				56.9 *
					Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		61.6
				Tiupampan	62.4 *
			Puercan	Tiupampan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian				Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan		100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian				Korangan		113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian							Leine	264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian								Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian		Pirgu			445.2
				Vormsi			449.6 *
				Nabala			Johvi †				450 *
			Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
				Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian		Keila			Idavere †				453
				Haljala							453.9
				Kukruse							456.4 *
				Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku			458.4
				Lasnamagi			458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
					Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg			Ungurian				477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort			Batyrbaian				Late Cambrian	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
							Aksaian					490.7 *
							Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian			Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3		Stage 5 †
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian	509
								Toyonian				510 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian				514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
																538.8