PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.129
										Irvingtonian	0.21
						Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
										Blancan	1.4
						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean		Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan		Late Pliocene			2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan		Early Pliocene			3.6
						Montehermosan					3.7 *
						Montehermosan				Hemphillian	4.7
						Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
						Chasicoan				Clarendonian	9.4
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene			11.63
										Barstovian	12.5
						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian				Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian		Early Miocene			15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
						Santacrucian				Hemingfordian	16.3
						Colhuehuapian				Hemingfordian	17.4 *
										Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene			23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene			27.82
						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene		Chadronian	33.9
						Divisaderan				Chadronian	35.9 *
										Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene		Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian									41.2
						Mustersan					41.9 *
										Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene			47.8
						Casamayoran					47.9 *
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican		Late Paleocene		Clarkforkian	56
						Riochican				Tiffanian	56.2
						Itaboraian					56.9 *
						Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
						Tiupampan					62.4 *
						Tiupampan				Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian				Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran			514
						Montezuman			514.8 *
						Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
											538.8