PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of North America		Silurian of North America			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian								Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian								Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan								Middle Pleistocene				0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan								Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †											1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean								Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan								Late Pliocene				2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan								Early Pliocene				3.6
						Montehermosan												3.7 *
						Huayquerian												4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
						Chasicoan												7.9 *
						Mayoan												9.9 *
						Laventan												10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan								Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran												13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran												13.82
		Langhian				Friasian												15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian								Early Miocene				15.98
						Santacrucian												16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian												17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian												20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan												20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan			27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican								Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican								Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan								Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			35.9 *
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan												41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan								Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran								Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican								Late Paleocene	Gashatan			56
						Itaboraian												56.9 *
						Peligran												58.9 *
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene				61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan								Early Paleocene				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian															Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
			Alexandrian			438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean										493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †							Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †				Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †				Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran	514
					Montezuman										514.8 *
					Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																		538.8