PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean		Villanyian		Late Pliocene	2.58
						Chapadmalalan		Villanyian			2.9 *
								Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene	3.6
						Montehermosan					3.7 *
						Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian		Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
						Chasicoan		Vallesian			8.7
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan		Astaracian		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian				Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian		Orleanian		Early Miocene	15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
								Agenian			20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
						Itaboraian					56.9 *
						Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian		489.5
		Paibian	Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian	499
		Drumian			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	509
		Stage 4				510.8 *
		Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
											538.8