PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan							Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean					Villanyian		Late Pliocene	2.58
						Chapadmalalan					Villanyian			2.9 *
											Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
						Montehermosan								3.7 *
						Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian		Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
						Chasicoan								7.9 *
						Chasicoan					Vallesian			8.7
						Mayoan								9.9 *
						Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan					Astaracian		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian				Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian					Orleanian		Early Miocene	15.98
						Santacrucian								16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
											Agenian			20
		Aquitanian												20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian											Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican							Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican							Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan							Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan							Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran							Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican							Late Paleocene	56
						Itaboraian								56.9 *
						Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan							Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian								Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian			485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian			489.5
		Paibian	Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Mindyallan		497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian		499
		Drumian				Undillan		500.5
		Drumian				Floran		503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian	509
														510.8 *