PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Silurian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian					Sheridanian					Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian									Sheridanian								0.129
											Cudahyan/Sappan								0.21
						Ensenadan													0.3 *
																		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																	0.774
											Senecan/Rexroadian								1.4
																		Nukumaruan	1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
		Gelasian																	1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean										Yushean			2.58
						Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
																		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean																Waipipian	3.6
						Montehermosan												Opoitian	3.7 *
						Montehermosan					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian								4.7
						Huayquerian										Baodean			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
						Chasicoan													7.9 *
						Chasicoan					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian								9.4
						Mayoan													9.9 *
						Laventan													10.9 *
																	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
																Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian																	11.63
											late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian								12.5
																		Lillburnian	13.05
						Colloncuran													13.7 *
		Langhian														Shanwangian			13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
						Friasian												Clifdenian	15.4 *
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian																	15.98
						Santacrucian													16.2 *
											Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian								16.3
																Xiejiaan			16.9
						Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
											late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian							18.5
																		Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																	20.44
						Deseadan													20.9 *
																	Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
												Monroecreekian							23.1 *
												Geringian							24.7 *
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
						Tinguirirican													28.9 *
																			29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian								33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
						Divisaderan												Runangan	35.9 *
																		Kaiatan	36.7
																			37
		Bartonian																	37.71
																		Bortonian	39.1
											Late Uintan/Early Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian		41.2
				Mustersan	41.9 *
					Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
						Heretaungan		45.7
								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian	46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
				Casamayoran					47.9 *
						Mangaorapan			48.9
						Mangaorapan		Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	50.5
						Waipawan		Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	52
						Waipawan			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican		Teurian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
				Riochican					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
				Itaboraian						56.9 *
			Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian		59.2
		Selandian		To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian					61.6
			Tiupampan				62.4 *
			Tiupampan	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
						Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian					Korangan		113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian								Leine	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian									Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian										Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian										Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan					419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
					Alexandrian			438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †					Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian								490.7 *
						Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian					Paibian							494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †					Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian					Drumian							Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian					Drumian							Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian					Early Cambrian		509
														Toyonian	510 *
														Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian						Botomian	514
		Stage 3						Nangaoian						Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian													529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian							530.7
																			538.8