PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian								Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
															Irvingtonian	0.21
						Ensenadan										0.3 *
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene		0.774
															Blancan	1.4
						Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean								Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan								Late Pliocene		2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan								Early Pliocene		3.6
						Montehermosan										3.7 *
						Montehermosan									Hemphillian	4.7
						Huayquerian										4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
						Chasicoan										7.9 *
						Chasicoan									Clarendonian	9.4
						Mayoan										9.9 *
						Laventan										10.9 *
		Serravallian												Middle Miocene		11.63
															Barstovian	12.5
						Colloncuran										13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran										13.82
		Langhian				Friasian										15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian								Early Miocene		15.98
						Santacrucian										16.2 *
						Santacrucian									Hemingfordian	16.3
						Colhuehuapian									Hemingfordian	17.4 *
															Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan										20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene		27.82
						Tinguirirican										28.9 *
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
						Divisaderan									Chadronian	35.9 *
															Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian													Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
						Mustersan										41.9 *
															Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene		47.8
						Casamayoran										47.9 *
															Wasatchian	50.5
															Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican								Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
						Riochican									Tiffanian	56.2
						Itaboraian										56.9 *
						Peligran										58.9 *
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene		61.6
						Tiupampan										62.4 *
						Tiupampan									Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian		72.1
		Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
			Richmondian			446 *
			Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
			Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian				Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian	453
							Turinian	453.7 *
			Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian									Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran			514
											Montezuman			514.8 *
											Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8