PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian		Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian		Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan		Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan		Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan		Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan		Early Pliocene	3.6
						Montehermosan			3.7 *
						Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
						Chasicoan			7.9 *
						Mayoan			9.9 *
						Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian				Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian		Early Miocene	15.98
						Santacrucian			16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican		Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan		Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan		Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran		Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican		Late Paleocene	56
						Itaboraian			56.9 *
						Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan		Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		259.51
		Wordian			Midian		264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian			443.8
		Katian	Bolindian			445.2
			Eastonian			449 *
			Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian			470
			Bendigonian			471.8 *
			Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
									509