PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			South American Land Mammal Ages		Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian										0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian										0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan										0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan										0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Vorohuean										2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan										3.6
						Montehermosan										3.7 *
						Huayquerian										4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
						Chasicoan										7.9 *
						Mayoan										9.9 *
						Laventan										10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan									Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran										13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran										13.82
		Langhian				Friasian										15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian										15.98
						Santacrucian										16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian										20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan										20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Cenozoic 4	23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican										28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican									Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan										35.9 *
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian													Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan										41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan										47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran										47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican									Cenozoic 1	56
						Itaboraian										56.9 *
						Peligran										58.9 *
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan										62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian							Cretaceous 4	100.5
								Middle Albian								106.2 *
								Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian							Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian						Early Aptian							Cretaceous 3	119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian							Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian								139.8
								Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
								Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					174.7
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian			Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian			Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian			Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian			Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian					Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2			419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton				421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood				423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas				426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas				427.4
		Homerian	Wych			Woolhope				428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1			433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4				453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3						458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian											Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1	529
																538.8