PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Cudahyan/Sappan				Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian				Cudahyan/Sappan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene	15.98
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
							Monroecreekian				23.1 *
							Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian					Geringian			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian								Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Early Eocene	47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1		Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian						To3/To2/To1		Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian						Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian		66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic		100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
											538.8