PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of Siberia		Ordovician of China			Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian								Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
						Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
															Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene			0.774
						Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
															Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian													Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Late Pliocene	Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian												Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan		3.6
															Montehermosan		3.7 *
						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									Montehermosan		4.7
															Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
															Chasicoan		7.9 *
						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									Chasicoan		9.4
															Mayoan		9.9 *
															Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian												Middle Miocene			11.63
						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
															Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian													Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian													Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene	Friasian		15.98
															Santacrucian		16.2 *
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Santacrucian		16.3
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
		Aquitanian													Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene			23.03
							Monroecreekian										23.1 *
							Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene			27.82
															Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian								Late Eocene			33.9
						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
																	37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene			37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
															Mustersan		41.9 *
						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene			47.8
															Casamayoran		47.9 *
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Late Paleocene	Riochican		56
								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							Riochican		56.2
															Itaboraian		56.9 *
															Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1						Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene			61.6
															Tiupampan		62.4 *
								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel				298.9
					Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian		307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D		307.4 *
							Westphalian C		309.8
							Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B		315.2
							Westphalian A		317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian				477.7
								Lianghekou †	477.9 *
								Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian							489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian						Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan	509
							Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
							Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian						514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian						521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
																	538.8