PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of China		Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian						Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian													0.129
						Cudahyan/Sappan													0.21
												Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian																	0.774
						Senecan/Rexroadian													1.4
												Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian										Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian										Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean										Chapadmalalan							3.6
												Montehermosan							3.7 *
						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						Montehermosan							4.7
												Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian												Pannonian					7.246
												Chasicoan							7.9 *
						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						Chasicoan							9.4
												Mayoan							9.9 *
												Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian												Sarmatian					11.63
						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian								Sarmatian					12.5
														Badenian					12.8 *
												Colloncuran		Badenian					13.7 *
		Langhian										Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian										Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian										Friasian							15.98
												Santacrucian							16.2 *
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						Santacrucian							16.3
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian												18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian										Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
							Monroecreekian												23.1 *
							Geringian												24.7 *
		Rupelian																	27.82
												Tinguirirican							28.9 *
																			29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian													33.9
						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						Divisaderan							35.9 *
																			37
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan													39.7
		Lutetian																	41.2
												Mustersan							41.9 *
						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian													46.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
												Casamayoran							47.9 *
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean													50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				Riochican							56
								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				Riochican							56.2
												Itaboraian							56.9 *
												Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1											60.9
		Danian																	61.6
												Tiupampan							62.4 *
								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				Tiupampan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju				Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
							Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
							Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
							Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
			Viru				Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
							Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian					Keila					Idavere †	453
							Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku							458.4
							Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
				Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
				Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
										Rangerian				469.1 *
				Billingen						Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Latorp †								470.1 *
				Hunneberg											473.7 *
										Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean					477.7
										Stairsian					480.3 *
				Varangu						Stairsian					481.3 *
				Varangu	Skullrockian					Demingian †				482 *
				Pakerort						Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort			Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †						485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian					Paibian									494
		Paibian					Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			Guzhangian						Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian						Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †						Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3														Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian														Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian														Jinnigian		530.7
																			538.8