PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of North America					Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian					Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian					Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Chibanian				Cudahyan/Sappan					Middle Pleistocene								0.21
		Calabrian				Cudahyan/Sappan					Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Calabrian				Senecan/Rexroadian													1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Late Pliocene								2.58
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					Early Pliocene								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian													9.4
		Serravallian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					Middle Miocene								11.63
		Serravallian				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian													12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene								15.98
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian													16.3
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian												18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene								23.03
							Monroecreekian												23.1 *
							Geringian												24.7 *
		Rupelian					Geringian				Early Oligocene								27.82
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					Late Eocene								33.9
		Priabonian									Late Eocene								37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene								37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan													39.7
		Lutetian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan													41.2
		Lutetian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian													46.2
		Ypresian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					Early Eocene								47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean													50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			Late Paleocene								56
		Thanetian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Late Paleocene								56.2
		Selandian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1			Middle Paleocene								60.9
		Danian						To3/To2/To1			Early Paleocene								61.6
		Danian						Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			Early Paleocene								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian																Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian			Leine				264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian				Gamachian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
							Richmondian			Vormsi	449.6 *
							Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian		Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Mohawkian				Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
										Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian								Keila		Idavere †	453
							Turinian			Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
			Whiterockian							Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku				458.4
										Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland					Kunda	462.9 *
					Valaste †/Hunderum				Kunda	464.3 *
									Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
							Rangerian					469.1 *
							Rangerian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †									470.1 *
									Hunneberg					473.7 *
							Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Stairsian		Varangu					481.3 *
							Skullrockian		Varangu				Demingian †	482 *
									Pakerort				Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean				Pakerort		Taoyuanian †				485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian			Paibian										494
		Paibian			Paibian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †						Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian									Drumian				Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †				Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3													Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian													Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian													Jinnigian		530.7
																			538.8