PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of North America		Devonian Subages	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian													Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian															0.129
						Cudahyan/Sappan															0.21
																			Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																			0.774
						Senecan/Rexroadian															1.4
																			Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean																	Chapadmalalan		3.6
																			Montehermosan		3.7 *
						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian													Montehermosan		4.7
																			Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
																			Chasicoan		7.9 *
						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian													Chasicoan		9.4
																			Mayoan		9.9 *
																			Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian																			11.63
						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian															12.5
																			Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian																	Friasian		15.98
																			Santacrucian		16.2 *
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian													Santacrucian		16.3
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian													Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian														18.5
		Aquitanian																			20.44
		Aquitanian																	Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
							Monroecreekian														23.1 *
							Geringian														24.7 *
		Rupelian																			27.82
																			Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian															33.9
						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian													Divisaderan		35.9 *
																					37
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan															39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
																			Mustersan		41.9 *
						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian															46.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
																			Casamayoran		47.9 *
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean															50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1													54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											Riochican		56
								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1											Riochican		56.2
																			Itaboraian		56.9 *
																			Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1													60.9
		Danian																			61.6
																			Tiupampan		62.4 *
								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1											Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10												Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			489.5
										Aksaian							490.7 *
										Sakian							492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Paibian			494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
				Waergangian †/Youshuanian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian			Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
										Ayusokkanian							Arcadian	498.4
										Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian					Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan		Topazan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †					Delamaran	Wuliuan/Taijangian			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †		Branchian	Duyunian		509
											Toyonian		Lenian †						510 *
					Dyeran						Toyonian				511 *
											Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3													Nangaoian		514
					Montezuman												514.8 *
											Atdabanian						515.6 *
																Placentian	517.1
					Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian				Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian											Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian											Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
																					538.8