PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China	Devonian Subages	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian									Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian											0.129
						Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
															Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian															0.774
						Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
															Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian												MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
														MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
														MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean															3.6
															Montehermosan		3.7 *
														MN 14			4.2
						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian								MN 14			4.7
														MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12			7.246
														MN 11			7.75
														MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
														MN 10			8.7
						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian								MN 10			9.4
														MN 9			9.7
															Mayoan		9.9 *
															Laventan		10.9 *
														MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian															11.63
						late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
														MN 6			12.8 *
														MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian												MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian												MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian												MN 4	Friasian		15.98
															Santacrucian		16.2 *
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian											16.3
														MN 3			16.9
															Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
														MN 2			20
		Aquitanian															20.44
															Deseadan		20.9 *
														MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
							Monroecreekian										23.1 *
							Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian															27.82
															Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									Divisaderan		35.9 *
																	37
		Bartonian															37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
															Mustersan		41.9 *
						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian															47.8
															Casamayoran		47.9 *
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							Riochican		56
								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							Riochican		56.2
															Itaboraian		56.9 *
															Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian		59.2
		Selandian		To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian			61.6
					Tiupampan			62.4 *
				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Tiupampan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian		Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
								Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian		382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Southwoodian				387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Southwoodian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
							Dobrotivian	458.5 *
							Oretanian	459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10									Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Paibian			494
		Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †		Topazan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †		Delamaran	Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †	Delamaran	Duyunian		509
		Stage 4											Dyeran	Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran	Nangaoian		514
													Montezuman			514.8 *
													Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8