PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian Subages of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Cudahyan/Sappan							Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian				Cudahyan/Sappan							Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Senecan/Rexroadian								1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian								16.3
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian							18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
							Monroecreekian							23.1 *
							Geringian							24.7 *
		Rupelian					Geringian			Kekeamuan			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian								Kekeamuan			Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian								46.2
		Ypresian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1					Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian						To3/To2/To1					Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian						Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian			Leine				264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian			485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian			489.5
			Aksaian			490.7 *
			Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
														525.5