PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Sheridanian					Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian				Sheridanian					Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Chibanian				Cudahyan/Sappan					Middle Pleistocene								0.21
		Calabrian				Cudahyan/Sappan					Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Calabrian				Senecan/Rexroadian													1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Villanyian	Late Pliocene								2.58
		Piacenzian								Ruscinian	Late Pliocene								3.1 *
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					Early Pliocene								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian	Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian								Turolian									7.246
										Vallesian									8.7
						Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Vallesian									9.4
		Serravallian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Astaracian	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Serravallian				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian													12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian	Early Miocene								15.98
						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian													16.3
						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian												18.5
										Agenian									20
		Aquitanian								Agenian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene								23.03
							Monroecreekian												23.1 *
							Geringian												24.7 *
		Rupelian					Geringian				Early Oligocene								27.82
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene								29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					Late Eocene								33.9
		Priabonian									Late Eocene								37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene								37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan													39.7
		Lutetian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan													41.2
		Lutetian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian													46.2
		Ypresian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					Early Eocene								47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean													50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			Late Paleocene								56
		Thanetian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Late Paleocene								56.2
		Selandian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1			Middle Paleocene								60.9
		Danian						To3/To2/To1			Early Paleocene								61.6
		Danian						Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			Early Paleocene								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju				Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
							Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
							Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
							Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
			Viru				Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
							Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian					Keila					Idavere †	453
							Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku							458.4
							Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
				Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
				Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka							467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
										Rangerian		469.1 *
				Billingen						Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †									470.1 *
				Hunneberg										473.7 *
										Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
				Varangu						Stairsian				481.3 *
				Varangu						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
				Pakerort										482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
					Aksaian											490.7 *
					Sakian											492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Amgan/Solvan	509
						Toyonian						Lenian †					510 *
						Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian											514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian											521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †					529
																			538.8