PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Yushean					2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
						Hemphillian						4.7
							Baodean					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
						Clarendonian						9.4
							Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian										11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian					Shanwangian					13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
						Hemingfordian						16.3
						Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan					16.9
						Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
		Rupelian								Kekeamuan		27.82
						Whitneyan						29.5
						Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian					Bumbanian	47.8
						Wasatchian						50.5
						Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian				Gashatan		56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian				Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian				Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
												509