Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
  • J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleObsolete Names for ICS UnitsNorth American Land Mammal AgesCambrian EpochsSouth American Land Mammal AgesCretaceous SubepochsMammal Paleogene ZonesSilurian of North AmericaOrdovician of the Baltic
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanSaintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneLujanian0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
Chibanian0.129
Irvingtonian0.21
Ensenadan0.3 *
Calabrian0.774
Blancan1.4
SanandresianUquian †1.7 *
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †Vorohuean2.58
Chapadmalalan2.9 *
Zanclean3.6
Montehermosan3.7 *
Hemphillian4.7
Huayquerian4.9 *
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Chasicoan7.9 *
Clarendonian9.4
Mayoan9.9 *
Laventan10.9 *
Serravallian11.63
Barstovian12.5
Colloncuran13.7 *
Langhian13.82
Friasian15.4 *
Burdigalian15.98
Santacrucian16.2 *
Hemingfordian16.3
Colhuehuapian17.4 *
Arikareean18.5
Aquitanian20.44
Deseadan20.9 *
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 2523.03
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
Tinguirirican28.9 *
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianChadronianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A33.9
Divisaderan35.9 *
Duchesnean37
BartonianMP 1637.71
Uintan39.7
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
Mustersan41.9 *
Bridgerian46.2
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
Casamayoran47.9 *
Wasatchian50.5
Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianRiochicanMP 6MP 1 - 556
Tiffanian56.2
Itaboraian56.9 *
Peligran58.9 *
Selandian59.2
Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Tiupampan62.4 *
Puercan63.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianSenonian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbianGallic100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
HauterivianNeocomian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
WuchiapingianLongtanian †254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Kasimovian303.7
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Visean330.9
Tournaisian346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliCayugan419.2
Niagaran422.5 *
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerianLockportian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianOntarian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Alexandrian438.7 *
MedinanClinton440.1 *
440.7 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianHarjuPorkuni443.8
KatianPirgu445.2
Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
Oandu452 *
SandbianKeilaIdavere †453
Haljala453.9
Kukruse456.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
Dapingian467.3
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
Tremadocian477.7
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Late Cambrian485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianSeries 3 †Middle Cambrian497
Drumian500.5
WuliuanStage 5 †504.5
Series 2Stage 4Early Cambrian509
Stage 3514
TerreneuvianStage 2521
Fortunian529
538.8