PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean		Late Pleistocene		0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean		Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian		Middle Pleistocene		0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian		Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene		2.58
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene		3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian		Early Pliocene		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian		Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene		15.98
						Hemingfordian				16.3
						Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene		27.82
						Whitneyan				29.5
						Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian		Late Eocene		33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean		Late Eocene		37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean		Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian		Early Eocene		47.8
						Wasatchian				50.5
						Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian		Late Paleocene		56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian		Late Paleocene		56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian		Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian		Middle Paleocene		60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian		Early Paleocene		61.6
		Danian				Puercan		Early Paleocene		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
										538.8