PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	European Faunal Units	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean														0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean														0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Sheridanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean														0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean														0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian									Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian									Cudahyan/Sappan					0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan									Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Villanyian												2.58
		Piacenzian						Ruscinian												3.1 *
		Zanclean																		3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian									Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian												5.333
		Tortonian						Turolian												7.246
								Vallesian												8.7
						Clarendonian		Vallesian							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian		Astaracian							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian									late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian						Orleanian												15.98
						Hemingfordian									Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
						Arikareean									late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
								Agenian												20
		Aquitanian						Agenian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
																Monroecreekian				23.1 *
																Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian														Geringian				27.82
						Whitneyan														29.5
						Orellan														31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian									Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean														37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean														37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan									Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan									Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian									Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					47.8
						Wasatchian									Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
						Clarkforkian											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian											Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian											Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian											To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian											To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian				Puercan											Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian																Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
																		Kawhia	Ohauan	150
																			Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		Vokhmian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian				249
		Induan			Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Barettian	266
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian	283.5
								Telfordian	285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			Famennian			358.9
			Middle Famennian						365.3 *
			Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian			Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
			Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			Srbsko			Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian							383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			Chotec			Couvinien	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			Chotec				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian				398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			Pragian				407.6
		Pragian	Pragian			Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort							485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			504.5
																				509