PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Sheridanian						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean									0.129
						Irvingtonian			Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
								Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian													0.774
						Blancan			Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
								Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan						MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian						MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Mangapanian						MN 16	2.58
								Waipipian						MN 16	3
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
								Opoitian							3.7
														MN 14	4.2
						Hemphillian			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					MN 14	4.7
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
						Clarendonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					MN 10	9.4
														MN 9	9.7
							Southland	Waiauan						MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
						Barstovian			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
														MN 6	12.8 *
								Lillburnian						MN 6	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian						MN 5	13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian												MN 4	15.98
						Hemingfordian			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					MN 4	16.3
						Hemingfordian			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					MN 3	16.9
						Arikareean			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
								Otaian							18.7
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
							Landon	Waitakian							21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
										Monroecreekian					23.1 *
										Geringian					24.7 *
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
						Whitneyan									29.5
						Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
						Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian													37.71
								Bortonian							39.1
						Uintan			Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian													41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan	45.7
					Bridgerian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian		46.2
		Ypresian						47.8
				Mangaorapan				48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean		52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian			To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian			To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian			Puercan			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata		Haumurian		66
		Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara		Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence		Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai		Korangan		108.4
		Aptian					Korangan		113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
									Planulata		179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									Kanense			181.3 *
									Carlottense			182.3 *
									Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Kunae			184.2
									Freboldi			185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras	196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †							298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian		Pirgu			445.2
				Vormsi	449.6 *
				Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
			Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian		Keila	Idavere †		453
				Haljala			453.9
				Kukruse			456.4 *
				Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku			458.4
				Lasnamagi			458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
				Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
					Latorp †			470.1 *
				Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
				Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort				485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
															509