PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
						Hemingfordian								16.3
						Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
		Rupelian							Kekeamuan					27.82
						Whitneyan								29.5
						Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian				Bumbanian				47.8
						Wasatchian								50.5
						Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian			Gashatan					56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian			Gashatan					56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian				Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian						66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic						100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan	150
													Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian											Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		Dorashamian				251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		Dorashamian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		Aparima				Flettian	259.51
		Wordian									Flettian	264.28
											Barettian	266
					Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian							273.01
					Kubergandian						Mangapirian	276
					Bolorian							279.8
		Artinskian										283.5
											Telfordian	285
					Yakhtashian						Telfordian	286
					Yakhtashian							288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Marjumian		Albertian †		497
		Drumian						Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran		Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran				514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
								Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8