PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of Germany	Permian of North America		Devonian of France
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian							11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
						Hemingfordian							16.3
						Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
						Whitneyan							29.5
						Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian							47.8
						Wasatchian							50.5
						Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian				Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Midian		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian		Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Bolorian			Cathedralian	279.8
								Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
					Yakhtashian				286
					Yakhtashian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian		393.3
		Pragian								Siegen		407.6
		Pragian								Siegen	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
													509