PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean														0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean														0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	Late Pleistocene													0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean	Middle Pleistocene													0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian	Middle Pleistocene													0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan														1.4
		Gelasian																	MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene											Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
																		Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
																			MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene												MN 15	3.6
																			MN 14	4.2
						Hemphillian													MN 14	4.7
																			MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene											Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian																	MN 12	7.246
																			MN 11	7.75
																		Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
						Clarendonian													MN 10	9.4
																			MN 9	9.7
																			MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene											Astaracian		11.63
						Barstovian														12.5
																			MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian																	MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene											Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
						Hemingfordian													MN 4	16.3
						Hemingfordian													MN 3	16.9
						Arikareean													MN 3	18.5
																		Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																	MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian																	MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene													23.03
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene													27.82
						Whitneyan														29.5
						Orellan														31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian	Late Eocene													33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean	Late Eocene													37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean	Middle Eocene													37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan														39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan														41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian														46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian	Early Eocene													47.8
						Wasatchian														50.5
						Clarkforkian														54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene													56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian	Late Paleocene													56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene													60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian	Early Paleocene													61.6
		Danian				Puercan	Early Paleocene													63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
				Kanense				181.3 *
				Carlottense				182.3 *
				Kunae				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae				184.2
				Freboldi				185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras				Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian							192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras				196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian				449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian					453
						Turinian					453.7 *
			Whiterockian				Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Late Cambrian	485.4
														Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
														Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian												Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	St Davids		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai	Early Cambrian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																				538.8