PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean												0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean												0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean												0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean												0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian												0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian												0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan												1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															2.58
		Zanclean																3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian												4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian												9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian												11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian												12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
						Hemingfordian												16.3
						Arikareean												18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
		Rupelian																27.82
						Whitneyan												29.5
						Orellan												31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian												33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean												37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean												37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan												39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan												41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian												46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian												47.8
						Wasatchian												50.5
						Clarkforkian												54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian												56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian												56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian												59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian												60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian												61.6
		Danian				Puercan												63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
			Vormsi			449.6 *	Richmondian
			Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
			Nabala			Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
			Nabala			Edenian				450.4 *
			Viru			Edenian		Rakvere		450.6 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere		451.1 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
						Turinian		Keila		453.7 *
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †	Kukruse		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
						Rangerian						469.1 *
						Rangerian		Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg					473.7 *
						Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Stairsian		Varangu					481.3 *
						Skullrockian		Varangu				Demingian †	482 *
								Pakerort					482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian			Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian						485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
				Aksaian											490.7 *
				Sakian											492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian									497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian									499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian									500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Amgan/Solvan	509
									Toyonian							Lenian †	510 *
									Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian								514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian								521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
																		538.8