PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
						Hemphillian								4.7
											Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
						Clarendonian								9.4
											Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian												11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian									Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
						Hemingfordian								16.3
						Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
						Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
						Whitneyan								29.5
						Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian								47.8
						Wasatchian								50.5
						Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian				Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian		100.5
												Middle Albian		106.2 *
												Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian										Late Aptian		113
		Aptian										Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian		139.8
												Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
												Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			174.7
				Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian			237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian						Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian						Jiangshanian		489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian	Idamean						Paibian		494
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
					Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian						499
					Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian			Undillan					Drumian		500.5
		Drumian			Floran					Drumian		503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian		509
							Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
							Toyonian					510.8 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian			Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian						Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian						Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
														538.8