PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of China		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean					Cenozoic 6								0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean													0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean													0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean													0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian													0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian													0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan													1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
						Hemphillian													4.7
																Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
						Clarendonian													9.4
																Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian									Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian													12.5
		Langhian														Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
						Hemingfordian													16.3
						Hemingfordian										Xiejiaan			16.9
						Arikareean													18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
						Whitneyan													29.5
						Orellan													31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian					Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean													37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean													37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan													39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan					Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian													46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian													47.8
						Wasatchian													50.5
						Clarkforkian													54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian					Cenozoic 1								56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian													56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian													59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian													60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian													61.6
		Danian				Puercan													63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Cretaceous 8						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian									Cretaceous 7						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian									Cretaceous 6						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian															Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian															Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian									Cretaceous 5						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Cretaceous 4						Late Albian		100.5
																	Middle Albian		106.2 *
																	Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian		113
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3						Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian									Cretaceous 2						Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian									Cretaceous 1						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian															Late Berriasian		139.8
																	Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																	Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Jurassic 6						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *						Jurassic 6							Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian			227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian		Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2			470
		Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Cambrian 5	Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean				Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Iverian				489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian				Paibian				Idamean				494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
							Waergangian †/Youshuanian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
											Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
											Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Drumian				Undillan				500.5
		Drumian					Drumian				Floran				503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian							509
												Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
												Toyonian			510.8 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Nangaoian		Cambrian 2		Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Nangaoian				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Cambrian 1			Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian		Cambrian 1			Manykaian †		530.7
																			538.8