PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean										0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean										0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian										0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian										0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan										1.4
		Gelasian													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
						Hemphillian									MN 14	4.7
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
						Clarendonian									MN 10	9.4
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
						Barstovian										12.5
															MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian													MN 4	15.98
						Hemingfordian									MN 4	16.3
						Hemingfordian									MN 3	16.9
						Arikareean									MN 3	18.5
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
						Whitneyan										29.5
						Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian										33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean										37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan										41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian										47.8
						Wasatchian										50.5
						Clarkforkian										54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian										56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian										56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian										59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian										60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian										61.6
		Danian				Puercan										63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		Pirgu	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Pirgu	449.5
			Vormsi			449.6 *
			Nabala			Johvi †				450 *
			Viru						Rakvere	450.6 *
									Oandu	452 *
		Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	453
						Haljala				453.9
						Kukruse				456.4 *
						Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Uhaku	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
						Lasnamagi				458.9 *
						Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland			Kunda				462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
						Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian	Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian			Dapingian	Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian						470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian						Ungurian	477.7
								Lianghekou †				477.9 *
						Varangu						481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort					Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
											Aksaian		490.7 *
											Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian								500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian								503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian								Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
				Toyonian										510 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian										514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian												529
																538.8