PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of China			Permian Subages of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic		Silurian of North America			Silurian Ages of Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean														0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean														0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean														0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean														0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian														0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian														0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan														1.4
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
		Zanclean																		3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian														4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian														9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian														11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian														12.5
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
						Hemingfordian														16.3
						Arikareean														18.5
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
		Rupelian																		27.82
						Whitneyan														29.5
						Orellan														31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian														33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean														37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean														37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan														39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan														41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian														46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian														47.8
						Wasatchian														50.5
						Clarkforkian														54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian														56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian														56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian														59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian														60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian														61.6
		Danian				Puercan														63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Senonian		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																Gallic		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Leine		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Lockportian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
						440.7 *
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian						Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
														Cautleyan	448.9 *
														Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								Pusgillian	449.5
												Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
												Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
												Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
												Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										Keila				Idavere †	453
												Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
												Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
															Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
															Longvillian †			455.2 *
												Kukruse						456.4 *
														Aurelucian				456.8 *
															Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
												Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo				Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
												Lasnamagi						458.9 *
												Aseri						460.4 *
												Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
											Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
																Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo									466.3 *
												Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian													467.3
													Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
				Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian						470
					Latorp †											470.1 *
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
				Hunneberg			Whitlandian							473.7 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian	Tremadoc						Migneintian	477.7
									Lianghekou †				Migneintian	477.9 *
													Cressagian	480.8 *
				Varangu										481.3 *
				Pakerort										482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †		497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †		504.5
																				509