PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Siberia			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean													0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean													0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Sheridanian								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean													0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean													0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian					Cudahyan/Sappan								0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian					Cudahyan/Sappan								0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan					Senecan/Rexroadian								1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian								4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian								11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
						Hemingfordian					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian								16.3
						Arikareean					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian							18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
												Monroecreekian							23.1 *
												Geringian							24.7 *
		Rupelian										Geringian							27.82
						Whitneyan													29.5
						Orellan													31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean													37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean													37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan					Late Uintan/Early Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan					Late Uintan/Early Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian								46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian								47.8
						Wasatchian					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								50.5
						Clarkforkian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1						56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1						59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian							To3/To2/To1						60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian							To3/To2/To1						61.6
		Danian				Puercan							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Senonian	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																Gallic	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian								Jiangshanian		489.5
						Aksaian										490.7 *
						Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian												Paibian		494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian				Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian				Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Amgan/Solvan				Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Amgan/Solvan				Duyunian		509
											Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
											Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian				Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian				Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian				Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian										Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian										Manykaian †			Jinnigian		530.7
																			538.8