PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
						Hemphillian								4.7
										Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
						Clarendonian								9.4
										Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian												11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian								Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
						Hemingfordian								16.3
						Hemingfordian				Xiejiaan				16.9
						Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
						Whitneyan								29.5
						Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian								47.8
						Wasatchian								50.5
						Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian				Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian		66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic		100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian			Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian			323.2
		Visean			Chesterian			330.9
					Meramecian			335.8 *
					Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean			346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill			Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc			Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian				470
						Whitlandian				471.1 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc			Cressagian				480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian		500.5							Marjumian
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8