PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of France	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean														0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean														0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Sheridanian											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean														0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean														0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian			Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian			Cudahyan/Sappan											0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan			Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
		Zanclean																		3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian											4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
						Hemingfordian			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian											16.3
						Arikareean			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
										Monroecreekian										23.1 *
										Geringian										24.7 *
		Rupelian								Geringian										27.82
						Whitneyan														29.5
						Orellan														31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean														37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean														37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan			Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan			Late Uintan/Early Uintan											41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											47.8
						Wasatchian			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
						Clarkforkian					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian					To3/To2/To1									60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian					To3/To2/To1									61.6
		Danian				Puercan					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Longtanian †		254.14
				Kalabagh			255 *
				Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian					Wordian	264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb			Roadian	266.9
		Roadian					Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian						Nealian		293.52
		Asselian						Nealian		Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Kuzel		298.9
										Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian										Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian										Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian										Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
										Westphalian C		309.8
										Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B		315.2
										Westphalian A		317 *
									Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
										Marsdenian		320.2 *
			Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
			Alportian			322 *
			Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian			323.2
			Arnsbergian			324 *
			Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian			Brigantian †			330.9
			Livian			Asbian †			336.3 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian						346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian						353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Pragian							Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli									Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †								483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth								Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
													Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					Sunwaptan	487.5
													Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		489.5
				Aksaian											490.7 *
				Sakian											492.2 *
															Steptoean			493 *
													Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	St Davids									Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian	499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian	500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Topazan						Amgan/Solvan		504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai								Waucoban †	509
														Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
								Dyeran						Toyonian			511 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3															514
								Montezuman									514.8 *
								Montezuman						Atdabanian			515.6 *
								Begadean						Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian												Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
																				538.8