PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean																	0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean																	0.0004
		Northgrippian																					0.0042
		Greenlandian																					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean																Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean																Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian																Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian																Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan																	1.4
		Gelasian																					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																			Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean																				Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian																Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian																	9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian																Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian																	12.5
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																				Early Miocene	15.98
						Hemingfordian																	16.3
						Arikareean																	18.5
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian																	Kekeamuan			Early Oligocene	27.82
						Whitneyan																	29.5
						Orellan																	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean													Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan																	39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan																	41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian																	46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian														Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
						Wasatchian																	50.5
						Clarkforkian																	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian													Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian													Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian																Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian																Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian																Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Puercan																Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian																			Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan												150
											Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras																168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	Herangi		Ururoan	176
				Planulata				179.3 *
				Planulata				Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense					181.3 *
				Carlottense					182.3 *
				Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae					184.2
				Freboldi					185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Aratauran			188.9
										189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian								192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras				Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian						Warepan		208.5
								Otamitan		217
								Oretian		221
		Carnian						Oretian		227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian						Etalian		238
		Anisian						Etalian		242
		Anisian						Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian		249
		Induan						Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian								Flettian	264.28
		Wordian								Barettian	266
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian								Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	283.5							Mangapirian
			Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
								Eastonian			Richmondian	449 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
								Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian											453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian						Yapeenian	467.3
				Castlemainian	468.5 *
				Castlemainian	Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Bendigonian							471.8 *
				Lancefieldian							473.5 *
								Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean			477.7
								Stairsian			480.3 *
								Skullrockian		Demingian †	482 *
				Warendian							482.8 *
				Warendian							Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10													Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		489.5
									Aksaian								490.7 *
									Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian													Paibian		494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
							Waergangian †/Youshuanian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian						Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian						Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †						Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Amgan/Solvan	Duyunian		509
										Toyonian					Lenian †			510 *
										Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			514				Botomian
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			Meishucunian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian				Manykaian †					530.7
																							538.8