PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan				Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Vorohuean				Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan				Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean						Chapadmalalan				Early Pliocene	3.6
								Montehermosan					3.7 *
								Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
								Chasicoan					7.9 *
								Mayoan					9.9 *
								Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian						Laventan				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian						Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian				Early Miocene	15.98
								Santacrucian					16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan						Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan		Tinguirirican				Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Tinguirirican				Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Divisaderan				Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian					Bumbanian	Mustersan				Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian					Bumbanian	Casamayoran				Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan		Riochican				Late Paleocene	56
								Itaboraian					56.9 *
								Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian	Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian									Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic			100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian			Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	438.5		Adavere
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian			Paibian		494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian		530.7
													538.8