PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian				Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan					Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7								Mapingian †
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †						Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
														538.8