PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of North America			South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian															Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian															Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian															Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian															Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian															Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean															Chapadmalalan		3.6
																	Montehermosan		3.7 *
																	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
																	Chasicoan		7.9 *
																	Mayoan		9.9 *
																	Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5				Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian															Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian															Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian															Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian															Friasian		15.98
																	Santacrucian		16.2 *
																	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
		Aquitanian															Colhuehuapian		20.44
		Aquitanian															Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						Cenozoic 4						23.03
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan													27.82
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan											Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							Cenozoic 3				Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian											Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan													37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Lutetian															Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian					Bumbanian										Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian					Bumbanian										Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan							Cenozoic 1				Riochican		56
																	Itaboraian		56.9 *
																	Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
		Danian															Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	Meishanian			Permian 4	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †				Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †				Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller				Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian			Leine				Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian						Permian 3	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian						Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian						Zisongian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian							Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian							Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean							Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian							Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	Devonian 2		398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4						Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3						Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Ordovician 2						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian										Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
				Latorp †										470.1 *
												Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Ungurian	Ordovician 1						Hunneberg		477.7
												Varangu		481.3 *
												Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Datsonian	Cambrian 5						Pakerort			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
					Payntonian										486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian			489.5
				Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian	Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	Mindyallan		Cambrian 4							497
					Ayusokkanian	Boomerangian									499
						Boomerangian									499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian	Undillan									500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian	Floran									503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	Stage 5 †		Templetonian							Cambrian 3	504.5
								Templetonian								505.3
								Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
					Toyonian											510 *
					Toyonian											510.8 *
					Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian										Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian											521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian													Cambrian 1	529
																			538.8