PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian of England		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian							Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian							Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene	Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian						Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan								3.6
									Montehermosan								3.7 *
									Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
									Chasicoan								7.9 *
									Mayoan								9.9 *
									Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene	Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian							Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian							Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian							Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene	Friasian								15.98
									Santacrucian								16.2 *
									Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian							Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian							Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene									27.82
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Lutetian							Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian					Bumbanian	Early Eocene	Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian					Bumbanian	Early Eocene	Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan		Late Paleocene	Riochican								56
									Itaboraian								56.9 *
									Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian						Early Paleocene	Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian												Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian													Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian													Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian													Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
															Planulata		179.3 *
															Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense	181.3 *
				Carlottense	182.3 *
				Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae	184.2
				Freboldi	185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian								192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras						Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
		Induan									251.2
		Induan									Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai	251.902
												252.4 *
											Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian									Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
											Kalabagh		255 *
											Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
													265.3 *
											Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian									Amb		266.9
		Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych			Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
								Cheneyan					451.5 *
								Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
									Actonian †				453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Aurelucian			456.8 *	Longvillian †
					Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
																	538.8