PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian	Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan		Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian				100.5
													Middle Albian				106.2 *
													Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian				113
		Aptian											Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian				139.8
													Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
													Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian											Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian				168.2
												Humphresianum	Late Bajocian				168.4
												Humphresianum	Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian				174.7
													Late Toarcian				180.1
													Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian				182
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian											Sevatian				208.5
													Alaunian				213.2 *
													Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian											Tuvalian				227
		Carnian											Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian						Gamachian		Pirgu			445.2
								Richmondian		Pirgu			446 *
								Richmondian		Vormsi		449.6 *
								Maysvillian		Vormsi		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian		Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian		Nabala				450.4 *
								Edenian	Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere				451.1 *
										Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †		453
								Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
							Whiterockian			Kukruse		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku				458.4
										Lasnamagi				458.9 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
								Rangerian							469.1 *
								Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
				Latorp †										470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
					Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean			477.7
					Stairsian			480.3 *
					Stairsian			Varangu		481.3 *
					Skullrockian			Varangu		Demingian †				482 *
								Pakerort		Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort						485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †												504.5
																	509