PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Chibanian															Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian															Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian															Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian															Waipipian				3
		Zanclean															Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean															Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian														Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian															Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian														Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian															Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian															Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian				13.82
																	Clifdenian				15.1
																Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian															Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian															Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian										Waitakian				23.03
																	Duntroonian				25.2
																	Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian															33.9
																Arnold	Runangan				34.6
																	Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian															Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian															Bortonian				41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
																	Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian					Bumbanian										Heretaungan				47.8
																	Mangaorapan				48.9
																	Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan											Teurian				56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian															Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian															Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian														Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
																	Mangaotanean				90.5
																	Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian															Arowhanan				93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
																	Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															Motuan				100.5
																	Urutawan				103.3
																Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian															Korangan				113
		Aptian																			117.5
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian								Leine	264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych			Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju				Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
							Viru				Rakvere					450.6 *
				Cheneyan							Rakvere		451.5 *
				Cheneyan							Oandu		452 *
				Burrellian							Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila		Idavere †		453
											Keila			Actonian †	453.2 *
											Haljala			Actonian †	453.9
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
				Aurelucian				456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							457.4 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku				458.4
											Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Aseri						460.4 *
					Aseri			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
					Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
				Arenig				Fennian							468.4 *
							Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Hunneberg	Whitlandian		473.7 *
								Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc				Migneintian		477.7
								Cressagian		480.8 *
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
										Mansian †			483.55 *
										Mansian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
													Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																489.5
															Aksaian			490.7 *
															Sakian			492.2 *
													Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †			St Davids			Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian														Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian														Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Caerfai			Amgan/Solvan	509
																	Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
																	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3															Botomian			514
		Stage 3															Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															Tommotian			521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian											Manykaian †		529
																					538.8