PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Yushean	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean	Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean	Early Pliocene				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian	Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian	Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian	Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan					16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	Gashatan			56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan					419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran					422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				504.5
											509