PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian													0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Yushean													2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean													3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean													4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian													11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian													11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian													13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian													15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan													16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian					66
		Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
		Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian							100.5
												Middle Albian							106.2 *
												Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian										Late Aptian							113
		Aptian										Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian										Late Berriasian							139.8
												Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
												Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian										Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian										Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian							168.2
											Humphresianum	Late Bajocian							168.4
											Humphresianum	Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian							174.7
												Late Toarcian							180.1
												Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian							182
										Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian										Sevatian							208.5
												Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian	Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
												Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi	Richmondian		449.6 *
											Vormsi	Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Nabala	Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
											Nabala	Edenian				450.4 *
											Viru	Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
									Mohawkian			Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
													Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian								Keila			Idavere †		453
										Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
										Haljala					453.9
										Kukruse					456.4 *
									Whiterockian	Kukruse				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku						458.4
										Lasnamagi						458.9 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
											Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
											Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian															467.3
												Rangerian					469.1 *
											Billingen	Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian			Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
				Latorp †												470.1 *
											Hunneberg					473.7 *
					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Stairsian						Varangu	481.3 *
					Skullrockian						Varangu	Demingian †				482 *
											Pakerort	Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Pakerort					485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
											487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †					497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									504.5
																			509