PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of China		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian												0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Yushean												2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean												3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean												4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian															Pannonian	7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian											Pannonian	11.1
		Serravallian															Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian															Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian				Shanwangian												13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian												15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan												16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian											100.5
							Middle Albian											106.2 *
							Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian											113
		Aptian					Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian											139.8
							Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
							Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras							168.2
							Late Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
							Early Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
											Planulata							179.3 *
													Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
							Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
											Kanense							181.3 *
											Carlottense							182.3 *
							Early Toarcian				Carlottense							182.9 *
							Early Toarcian				Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				Kunae							184.2
											Freboldi							185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian						227
		Carnian		Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian						237
		Ladinian		Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian				Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †				Buntsandstein	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Midian				Leine	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian				Leine	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian					273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian						Wych			Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
		Aeronian						Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian										Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian										Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian										Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian							477.7
							Lianghekou †		477.9 *
							Lianghekou †		Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian			489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian											Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †										Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Amgan/Solvan			509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
													Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian			514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †	529
																		538.8