PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian			Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Yushean			Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean			Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean			Early Pliocene				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian			Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian			Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian			Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene	Gashatan			56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
			Alexandrian						438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						504.5
													509